Journal
ZEITSCHRIFT FUR MEDIZINISCHE PHYSIK
Volume 18, Issue 3, Pages 151-161Publisher
ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG
DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2008.01.008
Keywords
TSE; FSE; variable flip angles; hyperechoes; TRAPS; low SAR; RARE
Funding
- Deutsche Forschungsge-meinschaft (DFG)/German Research Foundation [1875/14-1]
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Turbo or fast spin echo (TSE/FSE) techniques with variable flip angles have the potential to overcome specific absorption rate (SAR) limitations. Such Hyperecho TSE sequences allow for high resolution imaging with full signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared to standard TSE methods. Initially, a short overview of the two basic hyperecho schemes is given. Subsequently, the manuscript focuses on the flexible hyperecho approach TRAPS (smooth transitions between pseudo steady states). Basic criteria for flip angle ramp selection are illustrated. Further prerequisites to establish hyperecho methods in a chemical environment such as an automatic ramp selection are discussed. A summary of the introduced framework for contrast characterization and adaptation for conventional and Hyperecho-TSE sequences is presented. Finally, recent developments in hyperecho imaging are provided.
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