Journal
WORLD JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
Volume 11, Issue 2, Pages 409-416Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.3109/15622970903304459
Keywords
VNTR polymorphism; MAOA promoter; dopamine receptor 4 exon 3; Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium; male heroin addicts
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Funding
- Ministry of National Defense, Medical Affairs Bureau, Taiwan [9530]
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Objective. To explore the involvement of variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphisms in the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) promoter and exon 3 of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene in heroin addiction modulate the vulnerability of individuals to heroin addiction. Methods. Eight hundred and ninety-four male heroin addicts without other psychiatric disorders, were recruited as subjects. Another community 180 males were selected randomly as controls. Results. The geno-distribution of the DRD4 exon 3 VNTR polymorphism in controls was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE chi(2) = 0.925), but the distribution in heroin addicts was not (HWE chi(2) = 28.35). The long-repeat alleles of the DRD4 exon 3 VNTR polymorphism were found more frequently in the heroin addicts (P = 0.019). However, the long-repeat alleles of the MAOA promoter VNTR polymorphism were not (P = 0.828). No interaction between these two VNTR polymorphisms was found by using multiple logistic regression analysis (P = 0.261). Conclusion. The long-repeat allelic variants (>4-repeats) and 2-repeat allele of the DRD4 exon 3 VNTR polymorphism might be risk alleles for individual vulnerability to heroin addiction in Chinese men, but the MAOA promoter VNTR polymorphism does not mean that the partial dominant inherited mode might involved in the genetics of heroin dependence.
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