NEW FINDINGS ON THE EFFICIENCY OF GAS SHIELDED ARC WELDING

A study was carried out to measure the effective efficiency of different gas shielded arc welding processes and investigate the role of influence coefficients on the process efficiency. A new system to measure the integrated heat flow in welding processes was developed and further investigated. By this system, it can be shown how e.g. electrical and welding torch parameters, as well as material and gas parameters directly influence the efficiency of the welding process. Through this, it is possible to raise the efficiency of welding processes for example by reducing the wire speed, using helium gas or increasing the distance of the welding torch to the metal plate. Contrary, increasing the current, welding speed or voltage reduces the process efficiency. The difference between the lowest and highest achievable value of efficiency can be more than 15 % for one specific welding process. In addition to the conventional welding processes like gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and plasma welding also latest technologies, such as heat reduced processes (for example controlled dip arc with or without wire pullback) and high performance welding processes were analysed. In this manuscript, primarily the new technology for measuring the efficiency is presented. Furthermore, different influence coefficients and their effects on the overall efficiency of welding processes are described. Finally, the differences between measured efficiencies and fixed values of efficiencies for welding processes given in standards are discussed. The efficiencies of the latest heat reduced and high performance welding processes are given. The results verify that the parametrical influence on the efficiency of welding processes is huge, so that it is not recommended to work with fixed efficiency values for example in modeling and simulation.