Journal
WATER RESEARCH
Volume 61, Issue -, Pages 191-199Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.05.030
Keywords
Decentralized wastewater systems; Denitrification; Scrap tire chips; Nitrate adsorption; Sulfur oxidation
Funding
- International Research Staff Exchange Scheme Project [PIRSES-GA-2011-269255]
- NSF PIRE project: Context Sensitive Implementation of Synergistic Water-Energy Systems [1243510]
- Specific University Research [21/2013]
- Office Of The Director
- Office Of Internatl Science &Engineering [1243510] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Nitrogen discharges from decentralized wastewater treatment (DWT) systems contribute to surface and groundwater contamination. However, the high variability in loading rates, long idle periods and lack of regular maintenance presents a challenge for biological nitrogen removal in DWT. A Tire-Sulfur Hybrid Adsorption Denitrification (T-SHAD) process was developed that combines nitrate (NO3-) adsorption to scrap tire chips with sulfur-oxidizing denitrification. This allows the tire chips to adsorb NO3- when the influent loading exceeds the denitrification capacity of the biofilm and release it when NO3- loading rates are low (e.g. at night). Three waste products, scrap tire chips, elemental sulfur pellets and crushed oyster shells, were used as a medium in adsorption, leaching, microcosm and up-flow packed bed bioreactor studies of NO3- removal from synthetic nitrified DWT wastewater. Adsorption isotherms showed that scrap tire chips have an adsorption capacity of 0.66 g NO3--N kg(-1) of scrap tires. Leaching and microcosm studies showed that scrap tires leach bioavailable organic carbon that can support mixotrophic metabolism, resulting in lower effluent SO42- concentrations than sulfur oxidizing denitrification alone. In column studies, the T-SHAD process achieved high NO3--N removal efficiencies under steady state (90%), variable flow (89%) and variable concentration (94%) conditions. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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