Journal
WATER RESEARCH
Volume 47, Issue 13, Pages 4556-4566Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.04.061
Keywords
Anammox; Apatite; Phosphate; Mechanical strength; Granular sludge
Funding
- European Community [PIEF-GA-2009-253096]
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The strength of granular sludge is essential for the mechanical stability of the granules. Inorganic precipitants form a major factor influencing the strength of the granules. To check the possibility of apatite accumulation in anammox granules, and study its contribution to the mechanical strength of granules, anammox granular sludge was collected from Dokhaven municipal wastewater treatment plant, the Netherlands. Mineral precipitation inside the granules was visualized by micro-computed tomography, and apatite was identified by electron probe microanalysis and X-ray powder diffraction. The mechanical strength of anammox granules was measured by a low load compression tester. The contribution of apatite to the mechanical strength was evaluated by the generalized Maxwell model. Ca-PO4 minerals are reported to accumulate in anammox granules. A transformation of Ca-PO4 happens, and apatite is the final stable form. The accumulation of apatite increases the mechanical strength of anammox granules. A fast method to monitor and evaluate the accumulation of minerals in anammox granules was proposed. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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