Journal
WATER RESEARCH
Volume 47, Issue 12, Pages 4032-4039Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.01.058
Keywords
Silver release; Quartz crystal microbalance; pH; Ionic strength; Chlorine; Ceramic water filter
Funding
- Professional Research Experience Program (PREP) through the Materials Reliability Division at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder
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A quartz crystal microbalance was used to determine the effects of different water quality parameters on the detachment of silver nanoparticles from surfaces representative of ceramic pot filters (CPFs). Silver nanoparticles stabilized with casein were used in the experiments. The average hydrodynamic diameter of the nanoparticles ranged from 20 nm to 100 nm over a pH range of 6.5-10.5. The isoelectric point was about 3.5 and the zeta potential was -45 mV from pH 4.5 to 9.5. The silver nanoparticles were deposited onto silica surfaces and a quartz crystal microbalance was used to monitor silver release from the surface. At environmentally relevant ranges of pH (4.8-9.3), ionic strength (0 and 150 mol/m(3) NaNO3 or 150 mol/m(3) Ca(NO3)(2)), and turbidity (0 and 51.5 NTU kaolin clay), the rates of silver release were similar. A high concentration of sodium chloride and bacteria (Escherichia coli in 10% tryptic soy broth) caused rapid silver release. Water containing sodium hypochlorite removed 85% of the silver from the silica surface within 3 h. The results suggest that contact between CPFs and prechlorinated water or bleach CPF cleaning should be avoided. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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