Journal
WATER RESEARCH
Volume 47, Issue 8, Pages 2710-2718Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.02.036
Keywords
Disinfection byproducts; DBPs; Total organic halogen; Total organic bromine; Saline sewage disinfection
Funding
- Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China [622808]
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Chlorination could be the most cost-effective method for disinfecting saline sewage effluents resulting from toilet flushing with seawater. Upon chlorination, the high levels of bromide ions in saline sewage effluents (up to 32 mg/L) can be oxidized to hypobromous acid/hypobromite, which could then react with organic matter in the sewage effluents to form brominated disinfection byproducts (Br-DBPs). In this study, primary and secondary saline sewage effluents were collected and chlorinated at different chlorine doses, and a powerful precursor ion scan method using ultra performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry was adopted for detection and identification of polar Br-DBPs in these samples. With the new method, 54 major polar Br-DBPs were detected in the chlorinated saline effluents and six of them were newly identified as wastewater DBPs, including bromomaleic acid, 5-bromosalicylic acid, 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2,6-dibromo-4-nitrophenol, and 2,4,6-tribromophenol. The formation of polar Br-DBPs, especially those newly detected ones, during chlorination of the saline effluents was studied. For the secondary saline effluent, various polar Br-DBPs formed and reached their maximum levels at different chlorine doses, whereas for the primary saline effluent, the formation of polar Br-DBPs basically kept increasing with increasing chlorine dose. Compared with the secondary saline effluent, the primary saline effluent generated fewer and less Br-DBPs and rarely generated nitrogenous Br-DBPs. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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