Journal
WATER RESEARCH
Volume 46, Issue 8, Pages 2627-2636Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.02.025
Keywords
Microbial fuel cell; Urine; Ammonium recovery; Energy production
Funding
- Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs
- European Union
- Province of Fryslan
- City of Leeuwarden
- EZ/Samenwerkingsverband Noord-Nederland
- guiding committee of Stowa
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Nitrogen recovery through NH3 stripping is energy intensive and requires large amounts of chemicals. Therefore, a microbial fuel cell was developed to simultaneously produce energy and recover ammonium. The applied microbial fuel cell used a gas diffusion cathode. The ammonium transport to the cathode occurred due to migration of ammonium and diffusion of ammonia. In the cathode chamber ionic ammonium was converted to volatile ammonia due to the high pH. Ammonia was recovered from the liquid-gas boundary via volatilization and subsequent absorption into an acid solution. An ammonium recovery rate of 3.29 g(N) d(-1) m(-2) (vs. membrane surface area) was achieved at a current density of 0.50 A m(-2) (vs. membrane surface area). The energy balance showed a surplus of energy 3.46 kJ g(N)(-1) which means more energy was produced than needed for the ammonium recovery. Hence, ammonium recovery and simultaneous energy production from urine was proven possible by this novel approach. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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