Journal
WATER RESEARCH
Volume 46, Issue 17, Pages 5483-5490Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.07.003
Keywords
Magnetic ion exchange; Low pressure membrane filtration; Feedwater pretreatment; Surface water; Natural organic matter
Funding
- Solano County Water Agency (SCWA), California, USA through MWH Americas
- Johns Hopkins University
- Center for Water and Health
- Osprey Foundation of Maryland
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Magnetic ion exchange (MIEX) pretreatment has been increasingly employed by water treatment plants for removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). In this study, the effects of MIEX pretreatment on low pressure membrane filtration of natural surface water were investigated under different feedwater qualities, membrane properties, and MIEX dosing conditions. Regardless of feedwater DOC, moderate decrease in the total and hydraulically irreversible fouling was observed for a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) microfiltration membrane and a polyethersulfone ultrafiltration (UF) membrane after MIEX pretreatment, which was coincident with moderate removals of high molecular weight DOC in the feedwaters. Comparatively, the fouling of a PVDF UF membrane did not decrease after MIEX pretreatment, revealing the impact of membrane properties on membrane fouling in the presence of MIEX pretreatment. Reuse of virgin or regenerated MIEX resulted in similar membrane fouling as observed with single use of the virgin MIEX. The level of DOC removal by MIEX was similar to the removal of MS2 bacteriophage spiked in the feedwater, suggesting a potential similarity in the removal of organic and microbial particles. In conclusion, MIEX pretreatment was effective for DOC removal, but less effective in controlling short-term membrane fouling or removing viruses. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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