Journal
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
Volume 6, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00281
Keywords
virus-encoded suppressor; satellite RNA; symptom attenuation; RNA silencing; microRNA expression
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Funding
- China Scholarship Council
- MOA's Public Benefit Research Foundation of China [201203076]
- Chongqing Postdoctoral Science Foundation [Rc201423]
- Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University [IRT0976]
- Australian Research Council [FT0991956]
- Australian Research Council [FT0991956] Funding Source: Australian Research Council
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Viral satellite RNAs (satRNAs) are small subviral RNAs and depend on the helper virus for replication and spread. satRNAs can attenuate helper virus-induced symptoms, the mechanism of which remains unclear. Here, we show that two virus-encoded suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs), Cucumbermosaic virus (CMV) 2b and Tombus virus P19, suppress hairpin RNA (hpRNA)-induced silencing of a p-glucuronidase (GUS) gene in Nicotiana benthamiana. This suppression can be overcome by CMV Y-satellite RNA (Y-Sat) via the Y-Sat-derived small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), which bind to the VSRs and displace the bound hpGUS-derived siRNAs. We also show that microRNA target gene expression in N. tabacum was elevated by CMV infection, presumably due to function of the 2b VSR, but this upregulation of microRNA target genes was reversed in the presence of Y-Sat. These results suggest that satRNA infection minimizes the effect of VSRs on host siRNA and microRNA-directed silencing. Our results suggest that the high abundance of satRNA-derived siRNAs contributes to symptom attenuation by binding helper virus-encoded VSRs, minimizing the capacity of the VSRs to bind host siRNA and miRNA and interfere with their function.
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