Journal
WATER RESEARCH
Volume 45, Issue 5, Pages 2155-2165Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.12.031
Keywords
Trace organic contaminant (TOrC); Pharmaceutical; Endocrine disrupting compound (EDC); Disinfection; Pilot-scale; Ozone; Biological activated carbon (BAC); Wastewater; Indirect potable reuse (IPR)
Funding
- City of Reno Public Works Department
- WateReuse Research Foundation [WRF-08-05, WRF-09-10]
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In an effort to validate the use of ozone for contaminant oxidation and disinfection in water reclamation, extensive pilot testing was performed with ozone/H2O2 and biological activated carbon (BAG) at the Reno-Stead Water Reclamation Facility in Reno, Nevada. Three sets of samples were collected over a five-month period of continuous operation, and these samples were analyzed for a suite of trace organic contaminants (TOrCs), total estrogenicity, and several microbial surrogates, including the bacteriophage MS2, total and fecal coliforms, and Bacillus spores. Based on the high degree of microbial inactivation and contaminant destruction, this treatment train appears to be a viable alternative to the standard indirect potable reuse (IPR) configuration (i.e., membrane filtration, reverse osmosis, UV/H2O2, and aquifer injection), particularly for inland applications where brine disposal is an issue. Several issues, including regrowth of coliform bacteria in the BAG process, must be addressed prior to full-scale implementation. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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