Journal
WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH
Volume 86, Issue 12, Pages 2330-2337Publisher
WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION
DOI: 10.2175/106143014X14062131178835
Keywords
Booster biocide; anti-fouling paint particles; environmental risks
Funding
- European Union
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Boat maintenance facilities in coastal areas contribute a significant amount of antifouling paint particles (APP) to coastal environments. Very few studies have concentrated on the leaching of booster biocides embedded in old paint particles. Therefore, this study attempted to assess the leaching of Dichlofluanid and Irgarol 1051 from APP collected from Mayflower Marina in southwest England. They were analyzed by GC-MS. A leaching experiment revealed that a considerable amount of Dichlofluanid (ca. 24 mu g/L) leached from 0.4 g/L of APP after the first hour, followed by a marked decline in the amount measured in the water over time, almost degrading after 24 h in seawater, affording less of an environmental threat to non-target organisms. Conversely, Irgarol 1051 appeared to be persistent and continuously leached from the 0.4 g/L of APP even after 10 days, yielding a concentration of 0.61 mu g/L in seawater, potentially posing a significant threat to the aquatic environment through leaching from APP.
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