Journal
WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH
Volume 85, Issue 9, Pages 823-832Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.2175/106143013X13736496908997
Keywords
nitrate; phosphate; nutrient removal; green stormwater infrastructure; bioretention; stormwater treatment
Funding
- Russell Family Foundation
- City of Auburn, WA
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Bioretention is an evolving type of Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI) designed to attenuate peak flows, reduce stormwater volume, and treat stormwater. This article examines the capabilities of a bioretention soil mixture of sand and compost enhanced with aluminum-based drinking water treatment residuals to reduce nutrients from stormwater runoff. Columns with and without a saturation zone and vegetation were compared to examine their role in removing nitrate and ortho-phosphate from stormwater. Results show that utilization of a saturation zone can significantly reduce nitrate in effluent water (71% compared to 33% without a saturated zone), even in a newly constructed system. However, ortho-phosphate reduction was significantly better in the columns without a saturated zone (80%) compared to columns with (67%). Plants did not significantly improve removal. This suggests amendments such as aluminum-based water treatment residuals for phosphorus removal and a saturation zone for nitrogen removal are needed during the initial establishment period.
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