Journal
WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH
Volume 83, Issue 6, Pages 541-548Publisher
WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION
DOI: 10.2175/106143010X12780288628813
Keywords
constructed wetland; biofilter; nitrogen removal; anaerobic ammonium oxidation; partial nitrification; packing material
Funding
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [SU833910]
- EPA [SU833910, 150603] Funding Source: Federal RePORTER
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This study compared two series of ecologically engineered treatment systems for nitrogen removal by enhancing nitritation and anammox. Each treatment series had two biofilters followed by one free-water surface (FWS) wetland. The first series included biofilters packed with marble chips and demonstrated a development process in nitrogen removal through the first 26 cycles of weekly batch operation. The series then stabilized at an average ammonium removal rate of 19.2 g N/m(3).d and total nitrogen removal rate of 10.6 g N/m(3).d during the latest 22 cycles. The second series, which consisted of biofilters packed with pea pebbles, experienced decreasing nitrogen removal rates. Anammox and heterotrophic denitrification accounted for 77% and 23%, respectively, of the total nitrogen removal in the marble biofilters. Nitrogen removal rates in the FWS wetlands increased significantly with ammonium loading rates increasing up to approximately 30 g N/m(3).d. Ammonium and total nitrogen removal followed zero-order reaction kinetics. The marble biofilter-wetland series reached an ammonium removal rate of 30.3 g N/m(3).d and total nitrogen removal rate of 23.0 g N/m(3).d through the latest 22 cycles of batch operation at the average ammonium loading rate of 56.4 g N/m(3).d. Water Environ. Res., 83, 541 (2011).
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