Effects of Nitrogen Deposition on Growth and Physiology of Pleurochaete squarrosa (Brid.) Lindb., a Terricolous Moss from Mediterranean Ecosystems

We studied the effects of N deposition (0, 10, 20 and 50 kgNha(-1)year(-1)) on cover and physiology of Pleurochaete squarrosa, a terricolous moss from semi-arid Mediterranean ecosystems. We also investigated the effects of N fertilization under competition with vascular plants or under water stress. Under greenhouse conditions, vascular plant competition reduced moss cover, and there was a significant interaction between N and competition. Water stress reduced moss cover under high and low competition conditions. Nitrogen fertilization increased moss cover irrespectively of the N dose supplied at low competition conditions. Under field conditions, N deposition affected moss physiology but not cover. Most of the physiological variables analyzed responded to N deposition, although the response of some of them was saturated with only 10 kgNha(-1)year(-1) over the background (nitrate reductase; phosphomonoesterase; tissue N and K+). The response of indicators such as chlorophyll a and lutein contents did not show any evidence of saturation, which probably makes them the best candidates in monitoring programs. Based on the data provided, the applicability of the phosphomonoesterase can also be considered. In addition, the importance of taking into account the existence of superimposed environmental gradients (such as those in soil mineral N content) interacting with the response of P. squarrosa to predict impacts of N deposition has been demonstrated. Therefore, detailed soil surveys and integrative physiological evaluations will be required to produce a significantly better picture of the effects of N deposition on Mediterranean ecosystems along extant N deposition gradients.