Journal
VIRUS GENES
Volume 47, Issue 1, Pages 66-74Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11262-013-0926-y
Keywords
Porcine torovirus; Evolution; Homologous recombination; Selection pressure
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Funding
- Harbin Science and Technology Bureau [RC2012XK002003]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31270187]
- Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of Ministry of Education of P.R. China [NCET-10-0144]
- Research Team Program on Scientific and Technological Innovation in Heilongjiang Provincial University [2011TD001]
- Chang Jiang Scholar Candidates Programme for Provincial Universities in Heilongjiang [2013CJHB002]
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The objective of the present study was to gain new insights into the evolution, homologous recombination, and selection pressures imposed on the porcine torovirus (PToV), by examining the changes in the hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) gene. The most recent common ancestor of PToV was estimated to have emerged 62 years ago based upon HE gene sequence data obtained from PToV isolates originating from Spain, South Korea, Netherlands, Hungary, and Italy and using the HE gene of Bovine torovirus isolates Niigata1 (AB661456) and Niigata3 (AB661458) as outgroups. The HE gene sequence data segregated all the PToV isolates into two well-supported monophyletic groups; however, various isolates from Spain, Italy, and South Korea did not segregate geographically suggesting very recent translocation of the viruses to these localities. Evidence of recombination was observed between two South Korean isolates that partitioned into two distinct subclades. Data further suggest that most of the nucleotides in the HE gene are under negative selection; however, changes within codon 237 showed an evidence of positive selection.
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