Journal
VIROLOGY
Volume 456, Issue -, Pages 1-19Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.03.002
Keywords
Lysosomotropic agents; Proteasome-inhibitors; HIV-1 persistence; Rab; HIV-LTR; TNPO3; LSP1
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Funding
- NIH (NINDS) Grant [RO1 NS0064]
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine
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Astrocytes protect neurons but also evoke a proinfiammatmy response to injury and viral infections including HIV. We investigated the mechanism of HIV-1 infection in primary astrocytes, which showed minimal but productive viral infection independent of CXCR4. As with ectopic-CD4-expressing astrocytes, lysosomotropic agents led to increased HIV-1 infection in wild-type but not Rabs 5, 7, and 11-ablated astrocytes. Instead, HIV-1 infection was decreased in Rab-depleted astrocytes, corroborating viral entry by endocytosis. HIV-1 produced persistent infection in astrocytes (160 days); no evidence of latent infection was seen. Notably, one caveat is that endosomal modifiers enhanced wild-type HIV-1 infection (M- and T-tropic) in astrocytes, suggesting endocytic entry of the virus. Impeding endocytosis by inhibition of Rab 5, 7 or 11 will inhibit HIV infection in astrocytes. Although the contribution of such low-level infection in astrocytes to neurological complications is unclear, it may serve as an elusive viral reservoir in the central nervous system. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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