Receptor specificity does not affect replication or virulence of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus in mice and ferrets

Human influenza viruses predominantly bind alpha 2,6 linked sialic acid (SA) while avian viruses bind alpha 2,3 SA-containing complex glycans. Virulence and tissue tropism of influenza viruses have been ascribed to this binding preference. We generated 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) viruses with either predominant alpha 2,3 or alpha 2,6 SA binding and evaluated these viruses in mice and ferrets. The alpha 2,3 pH1N1 virus had similar virulence in mice and replicated to similar titers in the respiratory tract of mice and ferrets as the alpha 2,6 and WT pH1N1 viruses. Immunohistochemical analysis determined that all viruses infected similar cell types in ferret lungs. There is increasing evidence that receptor specificity of influenza viruses is more complex than the binary model of alpha 2,6 and alpha 2,3 SA binding and our data suggest that influenza viruses use a wide range of SA moieties to infect host cells. Published by Elsevier Inc.