Journal
VIROLOGY
Volume 412, Issue 2, Pages 245-255Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.02.007
Keywords
Subgenomic RNA (SG RNA); Internal initiation; Premature termination; Discontinuous transcription; Riboregulators; Copy-choice RNA recombination
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Funding
- National Science Foundation [MCB-0920617]
- National Institutes of Health [G1A62203, AI49273, AI070728]
- Plant Molecular Biology Center at Northern Illinois University
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Many (+)-strand RNA viruses use subgenomic (SG) RNAs as messengers for protein expression, or to regulate their viral life cycle. Three different mechanisms have been described for the synthesis of SG RNAs. The first mechanism involves internal initiation on a (-)-strand RNA template and requires an internal SGP promoter. The second mechanism makes a prematurely terminated (-)-strand RNA which is used as template to make the SG RNA. The third mechanism uses discontinuous RNA synthesis while making the (-)-strand RNA templates. Most SG RNAs are translated into structural proteins or proteins related to pathogenesis: however other SG RNAs regulate the transition between translation and replication, function as riboregulators of replication or translation, or support RNA-RNA recombination. In this review we discuss these functions of SG RNAs and how they influence viral replication, translation and recombination. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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