Safety and efficacy of 10% imidacloprid+2.5% moxidectin for the treatment of Dirofilaria immitis circulating microfilariae in experimentally infected dogs

A controlled laboratory study was conducted to establish the safety and efficacy of 10% imidacloprid + 2.5% moxidectin topical solution (Advantage Multi for Dogs, Bayer Health-Care, Shawnee, KS) for the treatment of circulating Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae in dogs. Twenty beagles were experimentally infected with D. immitis via surgical implantation of 10 pairs of adult worms (Pepper strain, TRS Labs) from donor dogs on Day -82. Between Days 7 and 1, physical examinations were performed, chest radiographs were taken, and blood and urine samples were collected for microfilariae counts, serum chemistry, complete blood counts, and urinalysis. Each dog was required to have a mean pretreatment count of at least 300 mf/ml of blood. On Day 1, all 20 dogs were randomized by mean pretreatment microfilarial counts to two study groups (10 animals/group). Animals in Group 1 were treated on Days 0 and 28 with 10% imidacloprid + 2.5% moxidectin topical solution at the minimum label dose of 0.1 ml/kg. Group 2 animals served as negative controls and were treated on Days 0 and 28 with mineral oil at an equivalent volume as for the study solution. All dogs were observed hourly for 8 h after treatment, again at 12 h, and then once daily on all other study days. Blood samples for microfilarial counts were collected daily for 3 days after treatment and then weekly for 6 weeks. The percentage reduction in microfilariae was determined by comparing the geometric mean number of circulating microfilariae remaining in Group 1 dogs with the mean counts remaining in control dogs. Group 1 mean microfilarial counts were reduced 93.1% three days following the first treatment and by >99% on Days 14 through 42. Group 1 had significantly fewer (p <0.05) microfilariae compared with Group 2 counts on Days 28 and 42. In addition, log-transformed geometric mean microfilarial counts were significantly different between the two groups (p < 0.05) using separate repeated measures analysis of covariance for Days 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42. No adverse events related to treatment were reported during the study. The results of this study demonstrate that 10% imidacloprid + 2.5% moxidectin topical solution is efficacious for treatment of circulating D. immitis microfilariae in heartworm-positive dogs with no treatment-related adverse events observed. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.