Journal
VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 149, Issue 1-2, Pages 213-220Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.11.006
Keywords
Synergy; PRRSV; Endotoxin; Inflammatory response; High fever
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [30730068]
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In 2006 China experienced outbreaks of a severe form of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) characterized by high fever, morbidity and mortality in swine irrespective of age. It is thought that secondary bacterial infections may contribute to the generation of this severe form of the disease. To determine the mechanisms by which a highly pathogenic PRRSV strain causes high fever we used an in vitro model to investigate the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha by macrophages in response to inoculation with PRRSV with or without LPS. Firstly we demonstrated, through an animal inoculation trial, that the isolate HN07-1 was a highly pathogenic strain and sequencing showed that the virus had the same genomic characteristics as previously described isolates. Porcine alveolar macrophage (PAM) cultures infected with PRRSV strains showed increased cytokine secretion and this was greater in the more virulent strain. Addition of LPS further increased cytokine secretion and again the effect was greater with the more virulent strain. Incubation of PAMs with PRRSV strain HN07-1 resulted in a significant increase in surface CD14 expression. This may explain the synergistic action between PRRSV and LPS in the induction of inflammatory cytokine secretion seen in the PAMs and so offer an explanation for the high fever that is characteristic of infections by the highly pathogenic PRRSV. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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