Journal
CURRENT RHEUMATOLOGY REPORTS
Volume 17, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11926-014-0493-9
Keywords
Articular cartilage; Cartilage repair; Regenerative medicine; Autologous chondrocyte implantation; Chondrocyte metabolism; Functional tissue engineering
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Funding
- European Union through a Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship for career development (CHONDRION
- FP7-PEOPLE-EEF) [625746]
- D-BOARD Consortium (EU FP7) [HEALTH.2012.2.4.5-2, 305815]
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Articular cartilage is a unique load-bearing connective tissue with a low intrinsic capacity for repair and regeneration. Its avascularity makes it relatively hypoxic and its unique extracellular matrix is enriched with cations, which increases the interstitial fluid osmolarity. Several physicochemical and biomechanical stimuli are reported to influence chondrocyte metabolism and may be utilized for regenerative medical approaches. In this review article, we summarize the most relevant stimuli and describe how ion channels may contribute to cartilage homeostasis, with special emphasis on intracellular signaling pathways. We specifically focus on the role of calcium signaling as an essential mechanotransduction component and highlight the role of phosphatase signaling in this context.
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