Journal
VETERINARY JOURNAL
Volume 182, Issue 1, Pages 7-20Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.04.008
Keywords
Pyrethrins; Pyrethroids; Mechanism of action; Toxicokinetics; Toxicity; Laboratory and domestic animals
Categories
Funding
- Comunidad de Madrid and the Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia [S0505/AGR/0153, AGL2006-02031/ALI, CCG07-UCM/AGR-2618]
- Consolider-Ingenio 'Fun-C-Food', Madrid, Spain [CSD2007-00063]
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Pyrethrin and pyrethroid insecticides are widely used in veterinary medicine for agricultural and domestic purposes. Although pyrethrins and pyrethroids are generally regarded as safe to animals, there have been reports of systemic poisoning in veterinary species. This review summarises the use of pyrethrins and pyrethroids in companion and food producing animals, including their mechanism of action and toxicity. The toxicokinetics of pyrethrins and pyrethroids are described, including absorption, distribution, metabolism (including interactions with other compounds affecting drug metabolising enzymes) and excretion, leading to the application of toxicokinetic/toxicodynamic concepts. Specific cases of pyrethroid poisoning in laboratory animals (including age-related toxicity), fish, companion and large animals are considered, including the high incidence of feline pyrethroids toxicosis following the extra-label use of topical formulations. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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