Utility of bcl-2, p53, Ki-67, and caveolin-1 immunostaining in the prediction of biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy in a Japanese population

OBJECTIVES To identify predictive markets for biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy in patients with clinically confined prostate cancer. METHODS Immunohistochemistry of bcl-2, p53, Ki-67, and caveolin-1 was performed in samples of paraffin-embedded prostate cancer from 119 Japanese patients. The clinicopathologic significance of staining with these markers was analyzed in relation to biochemical failure (prostate-specific antigen [PSA] >0.2 ng/mL). RESULTS Univariate analysis showed the pretreatment PSA level (P = 0.03), postoperative Gleason score (P = 0.04), pathologic stage (P <0.001), seminal vesicle invasion (P <0.001), p53 staining (P <0.001), Ki-67 staining (P = 0.04), and caveotin-1 staining (P <0.0001) to be associated with biochemical failure.Multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling showed that pretreatment PSA in group A (clinicopathologic parameters), caveolin-1 staining in group B, biomarkers, and the combination (group Q were independently associated with prediction of biochemical failure. The accuracy rate of each group was 76.2% (group A), 75.1% (group 13), and 83.1% (group Q, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The combination of clinicopathologic parameters and biomarkers (group C) showed the highest accuracy rate. Caveolin-1 staining is an independent predictor of biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy.