Journal
ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
Volume 40, Issue 1, Pages 232-243Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.08.010
Keywords
3-D ultrasound imaging system; 3-D reconstruction; Robotics; Vascular phantom; Lower limb arterial disease; Computerized tomography angiography; Arterial stenosis
Funding
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research [MOP 53244]
- Fonds de la Recherche en Sante du Quebec
- Fonds de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies du Quebec
- TD Canada Trust
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering at the Universite de Montreal
- Quebec Black Medical Association
- End of Study Grant from the Faculty of Graduate and Postgraduate Studies at the Universite de Montreal
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The degree of stenosis is the most common criterion used to assess the severity of lower limb peripheral arterial disease. Two-dimensional ultrasound (US) imaging is the first-line diagnostic method for investigating lesions, but it cannot render a 3-D map of the entire lower limb vascular tree required for therapy planning. We propose a prototype 3-D US imaging robotic system that can potentially reconstruct arteries from the iliac in the lower abdomen down to the popliteal behind the knee. A realistic multi-modal vascular phantom was first conceptualized to evaluate the system's performance. Geometric accuracies were assessed in surface reconstruction and cross-sectional area in comparison to computed tomography angiography (CTA). A mean surface map error of 0.55 mm was recorded for 3-D US vessel representations, and cross-sectional lumen areas were congruent with CTA geometry. In the phantom study, stenotic lesions were properly localized and severe stenoses up to 98.3% were evaluated with -3.6 to 11.8% errors. The feasibility of the in vivo system in reconstructing the normal femoral artery segment of a volunteer and detecting stenoses on a femoral segment of a patient was also investigated and compared with that of CTA. Together, these results encourage future developments to increase the robot's potential to adequately represent lower limb vessels and clinically evaluate stenotic lesions for therapy planning and recurrent non-invasive and non-ionizing follow-up examinations. (C) 2014 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology.
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