Journal
ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
Volume 39, Issue 6, Pages 1015-1025Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.12.016
Keywords
Ultrasound flow imaging; Color-encoded velocity mapping; Flow speckle visualization; High frame rate; Complex flow analysis
Funding
- Research Grants Council of Hong Kong [GRF 785811M]
- Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Fund [ITS/083/11]
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Realization of flow imaging at high frame rates is essential to the visualization of complex flow patterns with fast-changing spatiotemporal dynamics. In this study, we present an experimental demonstration of a novel ultrasound-based high-frame-rate flow visualization technique called color-encoded speckle imaging (CESI), which depicts flow information in a hybrid form comprising flow speckle pattern and color-encoded velocity mapping. This technique works by integrating two key principles: (i) using broad-view data acquisition schemes like plane wave compounding to obtain image data at frame rates well beyond the video display range and (ii) deriving and displaying both flow speckles and velocity estimates from the acquired broad-view image data. CESI was realized on a channel-domain ultrasound imaging research platform, and its performance was evaluated in the context of monitoring complex flow dynamics inside a carotid bifurcation flow phantom with 25% eccentric stenosis at the inlet of the internal carotid artery. Results show that, using an imaging frame rate of 2000 frames per second (based on plane wave compounding with five steering angles), CESI can effectively render flow acceleration and deceleration with visual continuity. It is also effective in depicting how stenosis-related flow disturbance events, such as flow jet formation and post-stenotic flow recirculation, evolve spatiotemporally over a pulse cycle. We anticipate that CESI can represent a rational approach to rendering flow information in ultrasound-based vascular diagnoses. (E-mail: alfred.yu@hku.hk) (C) 2013 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology.
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