Journal
ULTRAMICROSCOPY
Volume 111, Issue 2, Pages 169-176Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2010.10.001
Keywords
Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS); Independent component analysis; Blind separation of sources; Multivariate statistical analysis; Quantification; TiO2; SnO2; Spinodal decomposition
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Funding
- European Commission
- French TEM and Atom-probe network (METSA)
- European Community [MEST-CT-2004-514307]
- European Office for Air Force Research and Development (EOARD) [073031]
- Carnot M.I.N.E.S. Institute
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We study materials that present challenges for conventional elemental mapping techniques and can in some cases be treated successfully using independent component analysis (ICA). In this case the material in question is obtained from a TiO2-SiO2 solid solution that is spinodally decomposed into TiO2 rich-SnO2 rich multilayers. Conventional elemental mapping is difficult because the edges most easily mapped for these elements (Ti-L, Sn-M and O-K) all have onsets within the same 80 eV range. ICA is used to separate entire spectral signals corresponding to particular material phases or molecular units rather than particular elements and is thus able to distinguish between TiO2 and SnO2. We show that quantification of oxide species can be performed by different methods that require extra assumptions, but nevertheless should be feasible in many cases. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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