Journal
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
Volume 43, Issue -, Pages 336-349Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2014.05.014
Keywords
LiDAR; Laser scanning; Tunnel monitoring; Deformation analysis; Elliptical fitting
Funding
- NSERC
- PREA
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Terrestrial laser scanning, also known as Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is an emerging technology that has many proven uses in the geotechnical engineering community including rockmass characterization, discontinuity measurement and landslide monitoring. One of the newer applications of LiDAR scanning is deformation monitoring and change detection. In tunnels, deformation is traditionally measured using a series of five or more control points installed around the diameter of the tunnel with measurements recorded at regular time intervals. LiDAR provides the ability to obtain a more complete characterization of the tunnel surface, allowing for determination of the mechanism and magnitude of tunnel deformation, as the entire surface of the tunnel is being modeled rather than a fixed set of points. This paper discusses terrestrial LiDAR scanning for deformation mapping of a surface and for cross-sectional closure measurements within an active tunnel using an elliptical fit to data for profile analysis. The methods were found to be accurate to within a few millimeters when measuring 58 mm of diametric difference over an 18.3 m diameter circular profile, even when some sections of the data were removed from the analysis. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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