GSTM1 null polymorphisms and oral cancer risk: a meta-analysis

Many studies have examined the association between the GSTM1 null gene polymorphism and oral cancer risk in various populations, but their results have been inconsistent. To assess this relationship more precisely, a meta-analysis was performed. The PubMed and Embase databases were searched for case-control studies published up to May 2013. Data were extracted and pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Ultimately, 39 studies, comprising of 4,704 oral cancer cases and 7,090 controls, were included. Overall, for null versus present, the pooled OR was 1.29 (95 % CI = 1.20-1.40), and the heterogeneity was found in all studies. In the stratified analysis by ethnicity, significant risks were found among Asians (OR = 1.39, 95 % CI = 1.27-1.53; P = 0.000 for heterogeneity), but not in Caucasians (OR = 0.99, 95 % CI = 0.83-1.18; P = 0.677 for heterogeneity). In conclusion, this meta-analysis demonstrates that the GSTM1 null gene polymorphism may be an increased risk of oral cancer in Asians but not in Caucasians.