Journal
TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH
Volume 14, Issue 9, Pages 1064-1070Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02329.x
Keywords
leishmaniasis; pentamidine; immunocompromised host; prophylaxis; HIV
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We report a retrospective and descriptive study of four immunocompromised patients (three with HIV-1 and one with idiopathic CD4(+)-lymphopenia) with relapsing visceral leishmaniasis seen at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London, in whom pentamidine was used as secondary prophylaxis to prevent relapse. Patients experienced between one and four relapses before commencing prophylaxis with subsequent relapse-free periods ranging from 5 to 98 months. Based on these observational data, we recommend large trials to investigate the efficacy of pentamidine over other agents in preventing relapse of VL in the immunocompromised patient.
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