4.5 Article Book Chapter

The Impact of the Milk Glycobiome on the Neonate Gut Microbiota

Journal

ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANIMAL BIOSCIENCES, VOL 3
Volume 3, Issue -, Pages 419-445

Publisher

ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-022114-111112

Keywords

glycobiome; milk bioactives; milk oligosaccharides; bifidobacteria; neonatal microbiota

Funding

  1. EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT [R01HD065122, R01HD059127, R01HD061923] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
  2. NATIONAL CENTER FOR COMPLEMENTARY & ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE [R21AT006180] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
  3. National Center for Complementary & Integrative Health [R01AT007079] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
  4. NCCIH NIH HHS [R01AT007079, R21 AT006180, R21AT006180, R01 AT007079] Funding Source: Medline
  5. NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD061923, R01HD059127, R01 HD065122, R01HD065122, R01 HD059127, R01HD061923] Funding Source: Medline

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Human milk is a complete source of nourishment for the infant. Exclusive breastfeeding not only sustains the infant's development but also guides the proliferation of a protective intestinal microbiota. Among the many components of milk that modulate the infant gut microbiota, the milk glycans, which comprise free oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids, are increasingly recognized as drivers of microbiota development and overall gut health. These glycans may display pleiotropic functions, conferring protection against infectious diseases and also acting as prebiotics, selecting for the growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria. The prebiotic effect of milk glycans has direct application to prevention of diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis, a common and devastating disease of preterm infants. In this article, we review the impact of the human (and bovine) milk glycome on gut health through establishment of a milk-oriented microbiota in the neonate.

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