Journal
TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE
Volume 13, Issue 7, Pages 368-374Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON
DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2008.03.008
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Funding
- NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM061146, R01 GM061146-09, GM61146] Funding Source: Medline
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The Arabidopsis genome encodes two major classes of 20-24-nucleotide riboregulators: microRNAs and small interfering RNAs. These small RNAs act as sequence-specific repressors of target gene expression, either at the transcriptional level through DNA and/or histone methylation or at the post-transcriptional level through transcript cleavage or translational inhibition. Small RNAs are processed from precursor RNAs by one or more of the four DICER-LIKE RNase III enzymes, modified by HUA ENHANCER 1, a small RNA methyltransferase, and loaded onto an argonaute protein-containing RNA-induced silencing complex. Here, we review the biogenesis of small RNAs, and we discuss the major outstanding questions in small RNA metabolism and function.
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