Journal
TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE
Volume 13, Issue 7, Pages 390-397Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON
DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2008.04.008
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Funding
- NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM060380, R01 GM077590, R01GM60380, R01GM077590, R01 GM077590-03] Funding Source: Medline
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Eukaryotes typically have three multi-subunit enzymes that decode the nuclear genome into RNA: DNA-dependent RNA polymerases I, II and III (Pol I, II and III). Remarkably, higher plants have five multi-subunit nuclear RNA polymerases: the ubiquitous Pol I, II and III, which are essential for viability; plus two non-essential polymerases, Poll IVa and Pol IVb, which specialize in small RNA-mediated gene silencing pathways. There are numerous examples of phenomena that require Poll IVa and/or Pol IVb, including RNA-directed DNA methylation of endogenous repetitive elements, silencing of transgenes, regulation of flowering-time genes, inducible regulation of adjacent gene pairs, and spreading of mobile silencing signals. Although biochemical details concerning Pol IV enzymatic activities are lacking, genetic evidence suggests several alternative models for how Pol IV might function.
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