Journal
TRENDS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Volume 34, Issue 11, Pages 605-619Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON
DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2013.09.002
Keywords
circadian; chrono-pharmacology; clock; melatonin; SCN; sleep
Categories
Funding
- National Research Service Award (NRSA) [F31NS070529]
- Neurobiology Training Grant from the University of California, Los Angeles [5T32NS7101-33]
- CHDI Foundation
- Oppenheimer Foundation
- American Heart Association
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Fortunate are those who rise out of bed to greet the morning light well rested with the energy and enthusiasm to drive a productive day. Others, however, depend on hypnotics for sleep and require stimulants to awaken lethargic bodies. Sleep/wake disruption is a common occurrence in healthy individuals throughout their life-span and is also a comorbid condition to many diseases (neurodegenerative) and psychiatric disorders (depression and bipolar). There is growing concern that chronic disruption of the sleep/wake cycle contributes to more serious conditions including diabetes (type 2), cardiovascular disease, and cancer. A poorly functioning circadian system resulting in misalignments in the timing of clocks throughout the body may be at the root of the problem for many people. In this article we discuss environmental (light therapy) and lifestyle changes (scheduled meals, exercise, and sleep) as interventions to help fix a broken clock. We also discuss the challenges and potential for future development of pharmacological treatments to manipulate this key biological system.
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