Journal
TRENDS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Volume 31, Issue 7, Pages 299-305Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON
DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2010.04.003
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Funding
- Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
- USPHS NIH-NIDA [NIH-R01-DA017369, P60-05130]
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Although morphine and other mu-opioid agonists are the main analgesics for severe pain, these compounds have potential for abuse and/or addiction. This has complicated the use of mu-agonists in the treatment of chronic pain. However, clinical studies show that when pi-agonist analgesics are appropriately used to control pain, actual abuse or addiction does not usually occur, although some risk factors that increase vulnerability need to be considered, including genetic variation. We review recent findings on molecular adaptations in sustained pain models, and propose how these adaptations (including sustained release of the endogenous mu-agonist beta-endorphin) can result in decreased abuse potential of mu-agonists in chronic pain states. We also review data on particular gene polymorphisms (e.g. in the mu-receptor gene) that could also influence the relative abuse potential of mu-agonists in clinical pain populations.
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