Journal
TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY
Volume 24, Issue 2, Pages 60-67Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2007.11.005
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Gregarine apicomplexans inhabit the intestines, coeloms and reproductive vesicles of invertebrates. An emphasis on specific ancestral characteristics in marine gregarines has given the group a reputation of being 'primitive.' Although some lineages have retained characteristics inferred to be ancestral for the group, and perhaps apicomplexans as a whole, most gregarines represent highly derived parasites with novel ultrastructural and behavioral adaptations. Many marine gregarines have become giants among single-celled organisms and have evolved ornate surface structures. A comparison of gregarine morphology, placed in a modern phylogenetic context, helps clarify the earliest stages of apicomplexan evolution, the origin of Cryptosporidium, and specific cases of convergent evolution within the group and beyond.
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