Journal
TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES
Volume 35, Issue 9, Pages 574-585Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON
DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2012.05.007
Keywords
circadian period; kinase; phosphatase; phosphorylation; stability; nuclear localization
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health [2R01NS048471-06A1]
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression (NARSAD) Young Investigator Award
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In most organisms, an intrinsic circadian (similar to 24-h) time-keeping system drives rhythms of physiology and behavior. Within cells that contain a circadian clock, specific transcriptional activators and repressors reciprocally regulate each other to generate a basic molecular oscillator. A mismatch of the period generated by this oscillator with the external environment creates circadian disruption, which can have adverse effects on neural function. Although several clock genes have been extensively characterized, a fundamental question remains: how do these genes work together to generate a similar to 24-h period? Period-altering mutations in clock genes can affect any of multiple regulated steps in the molecular oscillator. In this review, we examine the regulatory mechanisms that contribute to setting the pace of the circadian oscillator.
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