Journal
TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 21, Issue 3, Pages 114-119Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2012.11.001
Keywords
antibiotic alternatives; feed additives; phage therapy; vaccine; microbiota; metagenomics
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Alternatives to antibiotics are urgently needed in animal agriculture. The form these alternatives should take presents a complex problem due to the various uses of antibiotics in animal agriculture, including disease treatment, disease prevention, and growth promotion, and to the relative contribution of these uses to the antibiotic resistance problem. Numerous antibiotic alternatives, such as pre- and probiotics, have been proposed but show variable success. This is because a fundamental understanding of how antibiotics improve feed efficiency is lacking, and because an individual alternative is unlikely to embody all of the performance-enhancing functions of antibiotics. High-throughput technologies need to be applied to better understand the problem, and informed combinations of alternatives, including vaccines, need to be considered.
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