Journal
TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 21, Issue 9, Pages 457-465Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2013.05.007
Keywords
heme; capsule; melanin; virulence; fungal pathogenesis; pH; cell wall; signaling
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Funding
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [RO1 AI053721]
- National Research Foundation of Korea
- Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology [2012-0004062]
- Burroughs Wellcome Fund
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Vertebrate hosts actively sequester iron, and fungal and other pathogens must therefore adapt to a severe limitation in iron availability to cause disease. Recent studies reveal that the pathogenic fungus Ctyptococcus neoformans overcomes iron limitation by multiple mechanisms that target transferrin and heme. The regulation of iron uptake is mediated by an interconnected set of transcription factors that include the master iron regulator Cir1 and the pH-responsive factor Rim101. These factors integrate iron homeostasis with a myriad of other functions including pH sensing, nutrient and stress signaling pathways, virulence factor elaboration, and cell wall biogenesis.
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