Journal
TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 19, Issue 4, Pages 162-173Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2010.12.004
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Funding
- National Science Foundation Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
- Division Of Ocean Sciences
- Directorate For Geosciences [0926766] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Discrepancies between estimates of oceanic N-2 fixation and nitrogen (N) losses through denitrification have focused research on identifying N-2-fixing cyanobacteria and quantifying cyanobacterial N-2 fixation. Previously unrecognized cultivated and uncultivated unicellular cyanobacteria have been discovered that are widely distributed, and some have very unusual properties. Uncultivated unicellular N-2-fixing cyanobacteria (UCYN-A) lack major metabolic pathways including the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxygen-evolving photosystem II. Genomes of the oceanic N-2-fixing cyanobacteria are highly conserved at the DNA level, and genetic diversity is maintained by genome rearrangements. The major cyanobacterial groups have different physiological and ecological constraints that result in highly variable geographic distributions, with implications for the marine N-cycle budget.
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