Journal
TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 33, Issue 10, Pages 475-487Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2012.06.003
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Funding
- National Cancer Institute [R01CA108609]
- Sassella Foundation [10/02]
- Cancer Research Switzerland [KFS-02652-08-2010]
- Association for International Cancer Research [11-0516]
- Vontobel Foundation
- Baugarten Foundation
- Novartis
- Swiss National Science Foundation [310030_126995]
- Medical Research Council [U105170648]
- National Association for Colitis and Crohn's Disease [M/11/3]
- Medical Research Council [MC_U105170648] Funding Source: researchfish
- MRC [MC_U105170648] Funding Source: UKRI
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Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved homeostatic process by which cells deliver cytoplasmic material for degradation into lysosomes. Autophagy may have evolved as a nutrient-providing homeostatic pathway induced upon starvation, but with the acquisition of cargo receptors, autophagy has become an important cellular defence mechanism as well as a generator of antigenic peptides for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) presentation. We propose that autophagy efficiently protects against microbes encountering the cytosolic environment accidentally, for example, upon phagosomal damage, whereas pathogens routinely accessing the host cytosol have evolved to avoid or even benefit from autophagy.
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