Journal
TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 33, Issue 12, Pages 598-606Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2012.07.006
Keywords
cytokine; IL-1; STAT; ILC; T helper cells; innate; effector
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Funding
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy, and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
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Innate immune and differentiated T cells produce signature cytokines in response to cytokine stimulation. Optimal production requires stimulation by an NF-kappa B inducer, most commonly an interleukin (IL)-1 family member, and a STAT activator. Usually, there is linkage between the IL-1 family member, the activated STAT and the cytokines produced: IFN gamma producers respond to the IL-1 family member, IL-18 and IL-12, a STAT4 activator; IL-13 producers respond to IL-33 (although for ILC2 cells this may be replaced by IL-25) and STAT5 activators; for cells producing IL-17A or IL-22, the combination is IL-1 and a STAT3 inducer. Cytokine-induced cytokine production may have broad significance in orchestrating innate responses to distinct infectious agents and in maintaining inflammatory responses after elimination of the inciting antigen.
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