Journal
TRENDS IN GENETICS
Volume 26, Issue 1, Pages 9-14Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON
DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2009.11.003
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Funding
- NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE [R01CA115768] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES [R21ES016581] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA115768-02, R01 CA115768] Funding Source: Medline
- NIEHS NIH HHS [R21 ES016581, R21 ES016581-01] Funding Source: Medline
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Paramutation describes the transfer of an acquired epigenetic state to an unlinked homologous locus, resulting in a meiotically heritable alteration in gene expression. Early investigations of paramutation characterized a mode of change and inheritance distinct from mendelian genetics, catalyzing the concept of the epigenome. Numerous examples of paramutation and paramutation-like phenomena have now emerged, with evidence that implicates small RNAs in the transfer and maintenance of epigenetic states. In animals Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA)-mediated retrotransposon suppression seems to drive a vast system of epigenetic inheritance with paramutation-like characteristics. The classic examples of paramutation might be merely informative aberrations of pervasive and broadly conserved mechanisms that use RNA to sense homology and target epigenetic modification. When viewed in this context, paramutation is only one aspect of a common and broadly distributed form of inheritance based on epigenetic states.
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