Journal
TRENDS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
Volume 24, Issue 6, Pages 272-278Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON
DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2013.02.003
Keywords
mTOR; phosphatidic acid; DG kinase; LPAAT; phospholipase D
Categories
Funding
- National Cancer Institute [CA46677]
- National Center for Research Resources of the National Institutes of Health [RR-03037]
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Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been implicated as a sensor of nutrient sufficiency for dividing cells and is activated by essential amino acids and glucose. However, cells also require lipids for membrane biosynthesis. A central metabolite in the synthesis of membrane phospholipids is phosphatidic acid (PA), which is required for the stability and activity of mTOR complexes. Although PA is commonly generated by the phospholipase D-catalyzed hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine, PA is also generated by diacylglycerol kinases and lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases, which are at the center of phospholipid biosynthesis. It is proposed that the responsiveness of mTOR/TOR to PA evolved as a means for sensing lipid precursors for membrane biosynthesis prior to doubling the mass of a cell and dividing.
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