Journal
TRENDS IN CELL BIOLOGY
Volume 23, Issue 9, Pages 449-456Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON
DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2013.04.005
Keywords
stochasticity; olfactory receptors; clustered protocadherins; antigen receptors; epigenetic mechanisms; nuclear architecture
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Funding
- NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR019664] Funding Source: Medline
- NIDA NIH HHS [R01 DA030320] Funding Source: Medline
- NIGMS NIH HHS [P30 GM138441] Funding Source: Medline
- NIH HHS [DP2 OD006667] Funding Source: Medline
- NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH091661] Funding Source: Medline
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One of the remarkable characteristics of higher organisms is the enormous assortment of cell types that emerge from a common genome. The immune system, with the daunting duty of detecting an astounding number of pathogens, and the nervous system with the equally bewildering task of perceiving and interpreting the external world, are the quintessence of cellular diversity. As we began to appreciate decades ago, achieving distinct expression programs among similar cell types cannot be accomplished solely by deterministic regulatory systems, but by the involvement of some type of stochasticity. In the last few years our understanding of these non-deterministic mechanisms is advancing, and this review will provide a brief summary of the current view of stochastic gene expression with focus on olfactory receptor (OR) gene choice, the epigenetic underpinnings of which recently began to emerge.
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