Journal
TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
Volume 30, Issue 6, Pages 301-306Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON
DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2012.02.006
Keywords
artificial photosynthesis; biofuels; cascade enzyme factories; CO2 utilization; electricity storage; hydrogen carrier
Categories
Funding
- VT CALS Bioprocessing and Biodesign Center
- China Scholarship Council
- Biological Systems Engineering Department of Virginia Tech
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In this opinion, we suggest the electricity carbohydrate hydrogen (ECHo) cycle which bridges primary energies and secondary energies. Carbohydrates are sources of food, feed, liquid biofuels, and renewable materials and are a high-density hydrogen carrier and electricity storage compounds (e.g. >3000 Wh/kg). One element of this ECHo cycle can be converted to another reversibly and efficiently depending on resource availability, needs and costs. This cycle not only supplements current and future primary energy utilization systems for facilitating electricity and hydrogen storage and enhancing secondary energy conversion efficiencies, but also addresses such sustainability challenges as transportation fuel production, CO2 utilization, fresh water conservation, and maintenance of a small closed ecosystem in emergency situations.
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