Journal
TRENDS IN BIOCHEMICAL SCIENCES
Volume 39, Issue 1, Pages 17-24Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON
DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2013.10.004
Keywords
immunoproteasome; thymoproteasome; spermatoproteasome; ubiquitin; antigen presentation
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Funding
- German Research Foundation [GR1517/12-1]
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology
- Fritz Thyssen Foundation [AZ 10.10.2.122]
- Swiss National Science Foundation [31003A_138451]
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [31003A_138451] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)
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The 26S proteasome is the main protease in eukaryotes. Proteolysis occurs within the cylindrical 20S proteasome that is constitutively expressed in most tissues. However, three tissue-specific versions of the 20S proteasome have been discovered to date. The immunoproteasome is optimized to process antigens and it directs the differentiation of T helper (Th) cells. The thymoproteasome is selectively expressed in cortical epithelial cells of the thymus where it plays an essential role in the positive selection of T lymphocytes. Finally, the spermatoproteasome is found in the testes where it is required during spermatogenesis. Here, we outline how tissue-specific proteasomes adapt to functional needs in their respective tissues and how their selective inhibition may be used to interfere with autoimmune diseases and cancer.
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