Journal
TRENDS IN BIOCHEMICAL SCIENCES
Volume 39, Issue 7, Pages 310-318Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON
DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2014.05.002
Keywords
DNA methylation; epigenetic inheritance; DNA methyltransferase specificity; DNA methyltransferase regulation; stochastic model
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Funding
- DFG [JE 252/10, JE 252/15]
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The widely-cited model of maintenance of DNA methylation at CpG sites implies that DNA methylation is introduced by the Dnmt3 de novo DNA methyltransferases during early development, and methylation at hemimethylated CpG sites is specifically maintained by the Dnmt1 maintenance methyltransferase. However, substantial experimental evidence from the past decade indicates that this simple model needs to be revised. DNA methylation can be described by a dynamic stochastic model, in which DNA methylation at each site is determined by the local activity of DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts), DNA demethylases, and the DNA replication rate. Through the targeting and regulation of these enzymes, DNA methylation is controlled by the network of chromatin marks.
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