Journal
TRENDS IN BIOCHEMICAL SCIENCES
Volume 38, Issue 12, Pages 592-602Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON
DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2013.09.001
Keywords
reactive oxygen species; oxidative stress; glutathionylation; oxidative phosphorylation; redox signaling
Categories
Funding
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada
- NSERC Canada Graduate Scholarship
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During the cellular oxidation of fuels, electrons are used to power the proton pumps of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) and ultimately drive ATP synthesis and the reduction of molecular oxygen to water. During these oxidative processes, some electrons can 'spin off' during fuel oxidation and electron transport to univalently reduce O-2, forming reactive oxygen species (ROS). In excess, ROS can be detrimental; however, at low concentrations oxyradicals are essential signaling molecules. Mitochondria thus use a battery of systems to finely control types and levels of ROS, including antioxidants. Several antioxidant systems depend on glutathione. Here, we review mitochondrial ROS homeostatic systems, including emerging knowledge about roles of glutathione in redox balance and the control of protein function by post-translational modification.
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