Journal
TRENDS IN BIOCHEMICAL SCIENCES
Volume 37, Issue 2, Pages 74-84Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON
DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2011.10.003
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Funding
- BBSRC [BBF0147321]
- FP7-Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship [254386]
- National Cancer Institute [RO1CA081967, P01CA092584]
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/F014732/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- BBSRC [BB/F014732/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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Structure-specific 5'-nucleases form a superfamily of evolutionarily conserved phosphodiesterases that catalyse a precise incision of a diverse range of DNA and RNA substrates in a sequence-independent manner. Superfamily members, such as flap endonucleases, exonuclease 1, DNA repair protein XPG, endonuclease GEN1 and the 5'-3'-exoribonucleases, play key roles in many cellular processes such as DNA replication and repair, recombination, transcription, RNA turnover and RNA interference. In this review, we discuss recent results that highlight the conserved architectures and active sites of the structure-specific 5'-nucleases. Despite substrate diversity, a common gating mechanism for sequence-independent substrate recognition and incision emerges, whereby double nucleotide unpairing of substrates is required to access the active site.
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